Liszt's daughter Cosima married the pianist and conductor Hans von Bülow in 1857 she later left him for Wagner, with whom she had three children before marrying him. He wrote the two piano concertos, the Todtentanz for piano and orchestra, and the symphonic poems Tasso, Les Préludes, Mazeppa, and Hunnenschlacht at Weimar and he conducted the first performances of numerous works, including Wagner's Lohengrin (1850). Here Liszt settled down to compose, teach, and conduct. Unable to obtain a divorce in Russia, the princess moved with Liszt to the Villa Altenberg, a home they bought in Weimar in 1848. On a concert tour in Russia, he met the Princess Carolyne von Sayn-Wittgenstein, who eventually left her husband to marry him. In 1846 Liszt returned to Hungary, where he became interested in gypsy music and eventually incorporated some of their melodies in his Hungarian Rhapsodies. In 1843, already separated from the countess, Liszt accepted an appointment at Weimar as Grand Ducal Director of Music Extraordinary. Except for several fine songs, however, most of these works were transcriptions and arrangements of compositions by others. Between 18 Liszt concertized extensively in Vienna, Leipzig, Prague, and Dresden, and he also continued to compose. Three children were born of this liaison: Blandine, Cosima, and Daniel. Through Chopin's friend George Sand, Liszt met the Comtesse d'Agoult, who in 1835 left her husband and family to live with him. After hearing Niccolò Paganini in 1831, Liszt determined to transfer the violinist's style of virtuosity to the keyboard. de Lamartine, Victor Hugo, Heinrich Heine, and eventually Richard Wagner. Here he participated in the cultural life of the city, becoming friendly with Frédéric Chopin, Felix Mendelssohn, A. When Luigi Cherubini refused himĪdmission to the conservatory because he was a foreigner, Liszt began to study composition with Ferdinando Paër, the Italian opera composer, and counterpoint with Anton Reicha, the Czech composer. He gave his first concert there the following year. Shortly thereafter he moved with his family to Vienna, where he began his studies in piano with Carl Czerny and in composition with Antonio Salieri. At the age of 9 he played in public for the first time. 22, 1811, at Raiding, the son of Adam Liszt, an official in the service of Prince Nicholas Esterhàzy, Franz Liszt received his first instruction from his father. Liszt grew to favor this kind of amalgamation-instead of a division into separate movements.īorn on Oct. His B-Minor Piano Sonata as well as both piano concertos and all of his symphonic poems are multisectional rather than multimovement works, each played without pauses between sections. In his compositions Liszt experimented with formal changes, being among the first to unify a work by means of thematic transformation, reusing material from the first movement in successive movements but treating the material differently. One regrets that he died just a few years before the advent of recordings. He was probably the most remarkable sight reader of all times yet his prodigious memory is mentioned by all who knew him. His pyrotechnics and digital facility are legendary. In a solo recital he could fill a hall to capacity, without the benefit of an orchestra. As a child, he achieved fame as a prodigy as an adult, he became the first pianist able to support himself on his earnings as a performer. Superlatives are essential in describing this artist, whose prolific output alone would make him unique among the great 19th-century musicians. The influence of Franz Liszt as a composer and conductor has received increasing recognition. The Hungarian composer Franz Liszt (1811-1886), known primarily as one of the first virtuoso performers on the modern piano, also inaugurated the symphonic poem and was an innovator in style and harmony.
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